ΔE 4.8, very close: most people won’t see a difference side by side. Military Yellow is a little darker than Raw Umber. They are different kinds of paint: Pro Acryl Raw Umber is a technical paint or medium and Vallejo Military Yellow is a one-coat contrast-style paint, so they won’t behave the same on the model even where the colour is close.
Yes, for most jobs. Very close match (ΔE 5). Military Yellow is a little darker than Raw Umber. They are different kinds of paint.
The same difference applies the other way round: Raw Umber is a little lighter.
ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under 2 is a perfect match (you’d struggle to tell them apart), under 6 very close, under 10 close, under 15 fair, under 20 loose, under 30 very loose, and 30 or more a poor match. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.
See Raw Umber on the colour wheel See Military Yellow on the colour wheel
All matches: Raw Umber equivalents · Military Yellow equivalents