Panzer Yellow vs Dark Sand

How close are they?

ΔE 8.2, close: similar, with a visible difference side by side. Dark Sand is a little lighter, warmer than Panzer Yellow.

Can I use Dark Sand instead of Panzer Yellow?

Usually, if you are not matching paint already on the model. Close match (ΔE 8). Dark Sand is a little lighter, warmer than Panzer Yellow.

Can I use Panzer Yellow instead of Dark Sand?

The same difference applies the other way round: Panzer Yellow is a little darker, cooler.

ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under about 6 is close, over about 15 is loose. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.