Yellow Ochre vs Golden Yellow

How close are they?

ΔE 15.5, loose: different enough that you should pick on purpose. Golden Yellow is noticeably lighter, more saturated than Yellow Ochre.

Can I use Golden Yellow instead of Yellow Ochre?

Not as a straight swap; see the closer alternatives below. Loose match (ΔE 15). Golden Yellow is noticeably lighter, more saturated than Yellow Ochre.

Can I use Yellow Ochre instead of Golden Yellow?

The same difference applies the other way round: Yellow Ochre is noticeably darker, more muted.

ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under about 6 is close, over about 15 is loose. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.