Orange Yellow vs Yellow RLM04

How close are they?

ΔE 8.4, close: similar, with a visible difference side by side. Yellow RLM04 is a little darker, more muted than Orange Yellow.

Can I use Yellow RLM04 instead of Orange Yellow?

Usually, if you are not matching paint already on the model. Close match (ΔE 8). Yellow RLM04 is a little darker, more muted than Orange Yellow.

Can I use Orange Yellow instead of Yellow RLM04?

The same difference applies the other way round: Orange Yellow is a little lighter, more saturated.

ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under about 6 is close, over about 15 is loose. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.