ΔE 22.9, loose: different enough that you should pick on purpose. Earth is noticeably darker, much more muted than Sulfide Yellow.
Not as a straight swap; see the closer alternatives below. Loose match (ΔE 23). Earth is noticeably darker, much more muted than Sulfide Yellow.
The same difference applies the other way round: Sulfide Yellow is noticeably lighter, much more saturated.
ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under about 6 is close, over about 15 is loose. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.
See Sulfide Yellow on the colour wheel See Earth on the colour wheel
All matches: Sulfide Yellow equivalents · Earth equivalents