ΔE 15.2, loose: different enough that you should pick on purpose. Phalanx Yellow is much more saturated than Gold Dust Woman.
Can I use Phalanx Yellow instead of Gold Dust Woman?
Not as a straight swap; see the closer alternatives below. Loose match (ΔE 15). Phalanx Yellow is much more saturated than Gold Dust Woman.
Can I use Gold Dust Woman instead of Phalanx Yellow?
The same difference applies the other way round: Gold Dust Woman is much more muted.
ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under about 6 is close, over about 15 is loose. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.