ΔE 47.6, loose: different enough that you should pick on purpose. Vomit is noticeably darker, much more muted, warmer than Neon Yellow.
Not as a straight swap; see the closer alternatives below. Loose match (ΔE 48). Vomit is noticeably darker, much more muted, warmer than Neon Yellow.
The same difference applies the other way round: Neon Yellow is noticeably lighter, much more saturated, cooler.
ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under about 6 is close, over about 15 is loose. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.
See Neon Yellow on the colour wheel See Vomit on the colour wheel
All matches: Neon Yellow equivalents · Vomit equivalents