ΔE 12.5, fair: the same colour family, but not a straight swap. Transparent Yellow Iron Oxide is a little darker, more muted, warmer than Moon Dust. They are different kinds of paint: Army Painter Moon Dust is an opaque base/layer paint and Golden Transparent Yellow Iron Oxide is an ink, glaze or transparent paint, so they won’t behave the same on the model even where the colour is close.
Only where an exact match doesn’t matter, such as a new unit or a highlight. Fair match (ΔE 13). Transparent Yellow Iron Oxide is a little darker, more muted, warmer than Moon Dust. They are different kinds of paint.
The same difference applies the other way round: Moon Dust is a little lighter, more saturated, cooler.
ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under about 6 is close, over about 15 is loose. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.
See Moon Dust on the colour wheel See Transparent Yellow Iron Oxide on the colour wheel
All matches: Moon Dust equivalents · Transparent Yellow Iron Oxide equivalents