ΔE 10.8, fair: the same colour family, but not a straight swap. Desert Yellow is a little darker, more saturated, cooler than Dirty Yellow.
Only where an exact match doesn’t matter, such as a new unit or a highlight. Fair match (ΔE 11). Desert Yellow is a little darker, more saturated, cooler than Dirty Yellow.
The same difference applies the other way round: Dirty Yellow is a little lighter, more muted, warmer.
ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under about 6 is close, over about 15 is loose. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.
See Dirty Yellow on the colour wheel See Desert Yellow on the colour wheel
All matches: Dirty Yellow equivalents · Desert Yellow equivalents