Dirty Yellow vs Yellow RLM04

How close are they?

ΔE 7.5, close: similar, with a visible difference side by side. Yellow RLM04 is a little darker than Dirty Yellow.

Can I use Yellow RLM04 instead of Dirty Yellow?

Usually, if you are not matching paint already on the model. Close match (ΔE 7). Yellow RLM04 is a little darker than Dirty Yellow.

Can I use Dirty Yellow instead of Yellow RLM04?

The same difference applies the other way round: Dirty Yellow is a little lighter.

ΔE is the colour difference between our two swatch estimates: under about 6 is close, over about 15 is loose. Real paints also differ in finish, coverage and how they thin, so test before you commit.